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Metabolic Syndrome Institute



2005

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2005 At Least 880 499 Hong Kong Residents Likely To Have the Metabolic Syndrome
The US National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population. Applied to a representative sample of the Hong Kong Chinese population, the NCEP-ATP III criteria yielded a 16.7% prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (age- and gender-adjusted). Based on this result, 880 499 Hong Kong residents could have the syndrome. The actual figure is probably higher, since using the WHO criteria for waist circumference in adult Asians (≥ 80 cm in females or 90 cm in males) raised the prevalence rate to 21.2%.
2005 Low Household Income Increases the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in French Women
Household income is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in a sex-specific manner. Among 1695 men and 1664 women aged 35-64 years and living in France, 23.0% and 16.9%, respectively, met the NCEP-ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome. After adjustment on lifestyle variables, household income was inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome in women but not in men. However, unfavourable social and economic conditions (educational level, occupational category, and working status) were associated with the metabolic syndrome in both sexes.
2005 Metabolic Syndrome Present in Most Subjects with Atherogenic Dyslipidemia
Relation between atherogenic dyslipidemia and the Adult Treatment Program-III definition of metabolic syndrome (Genetic Epidemiology of Metabolic Syndrome Project). A metabolic syndrome phenotype, detected using the NCEP-ATP III criteria, was present in 76% of 1 436 patients with atherogenic dyslipidaemia (defined as low HDL-cholesterol with elevated triglycerides) participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of Metabolic Syndrome Project. The syndrome was more frequent in those aged 36-55 years and ≥55 years (82% and 88%, respectively) than in those aged ≤35 years (41%).
2005 Visceral Fat Reduction More Beneficial than Subcutaneous Fat Reduction
Greater beneficial effects of visceral fat reduction compared with subcutaneous fat reduction on parameters of the metabolic syndrome: a study of weight reduction programmes in subjects with visceral and subcutaneous obesity. The impact of weight reduction programmes on metabolic syndrome parameters varies with the pattern of abdominal fat distribution. After completion of a 12-week weight reduction programme by subjects with visceral (n = 38) or subcutaneous (n = 47) obesity, improvements in fasting plasma glucose, insulinaemia, and insulin sensitivity (HOMA score) were higher in the visceral obesity group than in the subcutaneous obesity group, although reductions in body weight and BMI were greater in the subcutaneous obesity group. The reduction of visceral adipose tissue was also associated with a reduction in plasma triglycerides.
2005 Metabolic syndrome associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease
The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in U.S. adults. - 2005 In this new analysis of data from the NHANES III cohort, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of chronic kidney disease and microalbuminuria in participants with the metabolic syndrome compared with those without were 2.60 (95% CI, 1.68 to 4.03) and 1.89 (CI, 1.34 to 2.67), respectively. Chronic kidney disease was defined as a glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, and microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin-creatinine ratio of 30 to 300 mg/g.
2005 Metabolic syndrome is the dominant predictor of nonfatal MI in young women
High prevalence of metabolic syndrome among young women with nonfatal myocardial infarction. - 2005 In 40 women with nonfatal MI at or before age 45 and compared with an equal number of matched controls, cases were 4.7 times more likely to have three or more diagnostic criteria of the MetS after controlling for weight. Cases had significantly higher rates of elevated fasting glucose ± 110 mg/dl (p = 0.01), insulin resistance (p = 0.007), hypertension (p = 0.04), dyslipidemia (p <0.001) and higher triglyceride levels (p = 0.02). The metabolic syndrome was the dominant predictor of nonfatal MI in these young women.
2005 Endothelial function impaired in patients with hypertension, metabolic syndrome
Abnormal capillary permeability and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension with comorbid Metabolic Syndrome.- 2005 The transcapillary escape rate of albumin was higher in 24 non-diabetic, uncomplicated hypertensive men with metabolic syndrome (hypertension with at least two additional traits) than in 12 age-matched lean normal hypertensive patients with normal lipid and glucose profile and 9 normotensive subjects. Forearm vasodilation to intra-arterial acetylcholine, an index of nitric oxide-mediated vasomotor dysfunction, was selectively attenuated in metabolic syndrome patients. The coexistence of altered systemic capillary permeability, which may promote early atherosclerosis development, with blunted endothelial-mediated vasodilation indicates a pervasive abnormality of endothelial function.
2005 Prevalence of macro- and microvascular complications increases with the number of metabolic syndrome components in type 2 diabetic patients
Aggregation of features of the metabolic syndrome is associated with increased prevalence of chronic complications in Type 2 diabetes - 2005 Among 548 Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, those with the metabolic syndrome (85%) had a higher prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (35% vs. 18%), retinopathy (44% vs. 20%), distal sensory neuropathy (DSN) (44% vs. 24%), micro- and macroalbuminuria (38% vs. 28%) and coronary artery disease (CAD) (53% vs. 36%). The prevalence of those macro- and microvascular complications increased with the number of aggregated metabolic syndrome components. This study also confirms the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes.
2005 Increased waist circumference is the optimal predictor of incident metabolic syndrome
Predictors of the incident metabolic syndrome in adults: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study.- 2005 139 of the 714 white, black, and Hispanic participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) who were free of the metabolic syndrome at baseline developed the metabolic syndrome in the subsequent 5 years. After adjustment for age, sex, study site, ethnicity, and impaired glucose tolerance, the best predictors of incident metabolic syndrome were waist circumference (>89 cm in women, >102 cm in men; odds ratio [OR] 1.7 [1.3-2.0] per 11 cm), followed by HDL cholesterol (0.6 [0.4-0.7] per 15 mg/dl) and proinsulin (1.7 [1.4-2.0] per 3.3 pmol/l). Waist circumference was the optimal predictor.
2005 The International Diabetes Federation proposes a new definition of the metabolic syndrome
For the International Diabetes Federation, the metabolic syndrome is driving the twin global epidemics of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, there is an overwhelming moral, medical, and economic imperative to identify those individuals with metabolic syndrome early. However, the existence of multiple definitions for the metabolic syndrome has created confusion. In an effort to clarify the situation, the IDF proposes a new definition addressing both clinical and research needs and providing an accessible diagnostic tool suitable for worldwide use.
2005 The International Diabetes Federation proposes a new definition of the metabolic syndrome
For the International Diabetes Federation, the metabolic syndrome is driving the twin global epidemics of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, there is an overwhelming moral, medical, and economic imperative to identify those individuals with metabolic syndrome early. However, the existence of multiple definitions for the metabolic syndrome has created confusion. In an effort to clarify the situation, the IDF proposes a new definition addressing both clinical and research needs and providing an accessible diagnostic tool suitable for worldwide use.
2005 A brief history of definition of the Metabolic Syndrome
The Metabolic Syndrome concept progressively emerged from the works of pioneers such as J. Vague, who established in 1947 a correlation between body fat distribution and the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Twenty years later, G. Crepaldi et al. identified a state of insulin resistance in moderately obese patients with impaired fasting glucose and high triglyceride levels. In 1987, Ferrannini et al. proposed that essential hypertension is an insulin resistance state.
2005 Reduced mortality in elderly subjects adhering to the Mediterranean diet
Modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-elderly prospective cohort study. A recent study examined the relationship between extent of adherence to a modified Mediterranean diet using a scoring system on a 10-point scale, and death from any cause by time of occurrence. In 74 607 EPIC study participants aged 60 years or more at the time of enrolment and followed up for a median of 89 months (541 872 person-years), a two-unit increment in the modified Mediterranean diet score was associated with a statistically significant reduction of 8% in all-cause mortality.
2005 Overweight and metabolic syndrome become important public health problems in China
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and overweight among adults in China A cross-sectional survey performed in a nationally representative sample of 15,540 Chinese adults aged 35-74 years shows an age-standardised prevalence of metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria) of 9.8% in men and 17.8% in women. The age-standardised prevalence of overweight defined as body-mass index of 25.0 kg/m2 or greater was 26.9% in men and 31.1% in women. The highest prevalence of both conditions was seen in urban residents. The authors emphasize that national strategies against overweight and the metabolic syndrome are urgently needed.
2005 Increased risk of metabolic syndrome in women with prior gestational diabetes
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a Danish population of women with previous GDM is 3-fold higher than in the general population Compared with a control group of 1000 age-matched women, 481 Danish women (median age: 43 years) with a history of diet-treated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) had a three times higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome after a median follow-up of 9.8 years following pregnancy. This result was independent of the criteria used to detect the metabolic syndrome (WHO, ATP III or EGIR). A more than 7-fold increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (by WHO criteria) was seen in obese women (BMI >30 kg/m2) with previous GDM.
2005 A review article on the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
Historical analysis of PAI-1 from its discovery to its potential role in cell motility and disease. In this review, the authors discuss the discovery, origin, properties and regulation of the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), one of the primary regulators of the fibrinolytic system, and speculate about its potential role in vascular disease, fibrosis, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, and cancer.
2005 Subclinical organ damage in essential hypertensive patients with the metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is associated with early signs of organ damage in nondiabetic, hypertensive patients Among 354 untreated, nondiabetic patients with primary hypertension, a modified ATP III definition, with body mass index replacing waist circumference, yielded a 25% prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for age, gender and duration of hypertension, the presence of the metabolic syndrome was associated with a twofold greater risk for microalbuminuria (P=0.04), left ventricular hypertrophy (P=0.003) and increased carotid intima-media thickness (P<0.05).
2005 Prevalence and Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Hospital Outcomes in Acute Myocardial Infarctio
Among the 633 unselected, consecutive patients hospitalised with acute myocardial infarction participating in this French study, 290 (46%) had the metabolic syndrome by ATP III criteria. Metabolic syndrome was associated with a higher in-hospital mortality and was a strong independent predictor of severe heart failure.
2005 Insulin resistance in men with treated hypertension at increased risk for cardiovascular disease: results of a 3-year study
This study establishes that insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) is common (20%) in normoglycaemic hypertensive patients and is a strong predictor of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: 50% of insulin resistant patients developed impaired fasting glucose by 1 year and 20% developed type 2 diabetes by 3 years.
2005 Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Are Associated With an Increased Likelihood of Inducible Myocardial Ischemia Among Patients With Subclinical Atherosclerosis
In asymptomatic patients with high coronary artery calcification scores, both diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (with or without diabetes) predicted a higher likelihood of inducible ischaemia documented by stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.
2005 Relation of the metabolic syndrome to calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries and aorta
In 3166 individuals participating in the National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute Family Heart Study, presence of the metabolic syndrome was associated with increased prevalence of calcified atherosclerotic plaque in abdominal aorta and coronary arteries. Calcified atherosclerotic plaque is detected by cardiac tomographic scans and indicates the severity of atherosclerosis.
2005 The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial
In the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) cohort, a 7% weight loss plus 150 minutes of exercise per week reduced the incidence of the metabolic syndrome by 41% in three years. DPP was primarily designed to evaluate the efficacy of two interventions, intensive lifestyle changes and metformin 850 mg twice daily, in preventing development of type 2 diabetes in subjects with impaired fasting glucose. In the main analysis, both interventions prevented diabetes, but lifestyle changes were more effective than metformin. The same was true for prevention of the metabolic syndrome, with metformin reducing incidence of the syndrome by 17% in three years.
2005 The metabolic syndrome: a cause of sexual dysfunction in women
Authors of this small study conducted in premenopausal Italian women suggest that sexuality should be investigated in females with the metabolic syndrome. Compared with the control group (n = 80), women with the metabolic syndrome (n = 120) had reduced mean full Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score and reduced satisfaction rate. Interestingly, there was an inverse relation between CRP levels and FSFI score (P=0.02)
2005 Hypertension is the most common component of metabolic syndrome and the greatest contributor to carotid arteriosclerosis in apparently healthy Japanese individuals
In 8144 Japanese adults who underwent general health screening, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (diagnosed by modified-ATP III criteria including a body mass index > 25 kg/m2) was 19% in men and 7% in women. Hypertension was present in 85% of men and 87% of women with the metabolic syndrome. Multivariate analysis showed that, among the syndrome components, hypertension possessed the greatest odds ratio (1.43, 95% CI 1.27-1.60) for carotid plaque.
2005 Prevalence and risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in White, Black, Amerindian and Mixed Hispanics in Zulia State, Venezuela
A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of the population of Zulia State, Venezuela, shows a particularly alarming prevalence of metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria) and atherogenic dyslipidaemia: 31.2% and 24.1%, respectively, with higher rates in men than in women. Low HDL-cholesterol (65.3%), abdominal obesity (42.9%) and hypertension (38.1%) were the most frequent metabolic syndrome components. The survey was conducted in 3108 individuals aged 20 years or older.
2005 Relation Between the Metabolic Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. A Prospective Cohort Study in Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.
In this study from Israel, 14 284 patients with coronary heart disease, of which 3703 (26%) had the metabolic syndrome without diabetes and 3500 others (25%) had diabetes, underwent a follow-up for stroke or.transient ischaemic attack (TIA) over 4.8 to 8.1 years. Adjusting for stroke risk factors, patients with the metabolic syndrome exhibited a 1.49-fold increased risk of cerebrovascular events, whereas those with frank diabetes had a 2.29-fold increased risk. Among the metabolic syndrome components, impaired fasting glucose and hypertension were the strongest predictors of cerebrovascular events. The risk for stroke or TIA associated with the metabolic syndrome was more pronounced in women.
2005 Early occurrence of metabolic syndrome